White Blood Cells (WBC)

White blood cells (leukocytes) defend against infections and regulate immune responses. Count changes signal infection, inflammation, or blood disorders.

Normal ranges

Adults: 4.0–9.0 ×10⁹/L.

Units: ×10⁹/L

Causes of deviations

Low levels:

Viral infections, autoimmune disease, chemotherapy, bone marrow disorders.

High levels:

Bacterial infection, inflammation, stress, smoking, leukemia.

When to see a doctor

If persistently abnormal, or with fever, fatigue, or frequent infections.

This information is for educational purposes and does not replace medical advice.

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